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Objective To characterize the distribution and assess the exposure to phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the indoor dust of Shanghai City. Methods Samples were collected from 33 sampling sites， including homes， hotels， offices and public places， in Shanghai in 2018， 2019， and 2020. The samples were pretreated by 100 sieves， extracted and concentrated， and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion mode （SIM）. Results Results on the characteristics of PAEs in indoor dust in different places showed that concentrations of PAEs were in a range of <0.01-2 464 mg·kg-1.The average concentration of 16 PAEs was 613 mg·kg-1. Bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）， di-iso-butyl phthalate （DiBP）， di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DnOP） were the main components of PAEs in indoor dust， accounting for approximately 99.5% of 16 PAEs. The intake of DEHP， DBP， DEP and BBP was lower than the tolerable daily intake （TDI） and reference doses （RfD） set by EU CSTEE and U.S. EPA. Conclusion Average daily dose （ADD） via indoor dust is estimated， and the order of intake through different pathways is hand-oral intake>skin contact>respiratory inhalation. Exposure risk of PAEs in children is greater than that in adults.
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Objective To characterize the distribution and assess the exposure to phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the indoor dust of Shanghai City. Methods Samples were collected from 33 sampling sites， including homes， hotels， offices and public places， in Shanghai in 2018， 2019， and 2020. The samples were pretreated by 100 sieves， extracted and concentrated， and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion mode （SIM）. Results Results on the characteristics of PAEs in indoor dust in different places showed that concentrations of PAEs were in a range of <0.01-2 464 mg·kg-1.The average concentration of 16 PAEs was 613 mg·kg-1. Bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）， di-iso-butyl phthalate （DiBP）， di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DnOP） were the main components of PAEs in indoor dust， accounting for approximately 99.5% of 16 PAEs. The intake of DEHP， DBP， DEP and BBP was lower than the tolerable daily intake （TDI） and reference doses （RfD） set by EU CSTEE and U.S. EPA. Conclusion Average daily dose （ADD） via indoor dust is estimated， and the order of intake through different pathways is hand-oral intake>skin contact>respiratory inhalation. Exposure risk of PAEs in children is greater than that in adults.
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BACKGROUND: Disturbed regulation of cell cycle is the essential mechanism on abnormal proliferation of cell and incidence of cancer. CyclinD1 /cyclin-dependent-kinase pathway involved with p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein is an important.approach on regulation of cell cycle.OBJECTIVE: To understand the expressions of cyclinD1, p16 and retinohlastoma gene protein in non-small-cell lung cancer and probe into the relationship with the prognosis of cancer.DESIGN: Immunohistochemical assay was used to measure the expressions of relevant indexes and follow-up data were utilized for comparative analysis on survival rate and prognostic factor.SETTING: Department of Respiratory Disease, Fujian Provincial Hospital PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was performed in Department of Pathology of Fujian Provincial Hospital from January to June 2002. Tissue specimens of lung cancer were from 68 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer.Histological classification of lung cancer was based on the standards implemented by WHO in 1981 and TNM staging was on the standards revised by International Union Against Cancer (UICC) in 1997.METHODS: Tissue specimens of lung cancer were stained with immunohistochemical method, the positive-stained splices of lung cancer were taken as positive control and those with 1st antibody replaced by phosphate buffer were taken as negative control. The positive was identified if tumor cell nucleus or cytoplasm presented brown-yellow granules. 5 high-power visual fields were observed at randomize in each specimen and 200 tumor cells were counted and the average was obtained. According to the perceptions of positive cell, in which, positive cell count was less by 5% or no obvious positive cell appeared "-", positive cell count was in range from 5% to 20% "+", positive cell count was in range from 21% to 50% "++"and positive cell count was over 50% "(#)", the expression of cyclinD1,p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein in 68 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer were assayed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of cyclinD1, p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein and survival phase of patients after operation.retinoblastoma gene protein: The expressive rates were 55.9%, 48.5% and 52.9% respectively. X2 was applied for analysis on the data and it was indicated that there was no remarkable correlation among their expressions.gene protein and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer: The average survival phase of cyclinD1 positive expression was shorter than that of negative expression [(12.40, 35.40) months, (x2=5.31 ,P =0.021)]. The average survival phase of positive case of p16 positive expression was longer than that of negative one [(27.84, 15.95) months, (X2=4.38 ,P =0.036)].The average survival phase of positive expression of retinoblastoma gene protein was not more different significantly from the negative one [(18.50,of non-small-cell lung cancer with Cox proportional hazard model: It was indicated that the prognosis of excessive expression of cyclinD1 was poor (P=0.057) and that of p16 only presented 1 prognostic protective factor (P=0.039).CONCLUSION: CyclinD1, p16 and retinoblastoma gene associated with cyclinG1-S regulation are all involved in incidence and development of non-small-cell lung cancer. The assay of expressions of cyclinD1 and p16is essentially significant for prognosis.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To observe the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was used to investigate the killing role of PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as photosensitizer and semiconductor successive laser as light source. The cultured cell was treated with different concentrations of HPD and different do-sages of laser, then MTT colorometric assay was applied to measure the OD492.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5 mg/L of HPD was confirmed no effect. 10 mg/L of HPD could produce a marked therapeutical effect under the condition of same laser dosage. When the concentration of HPD was increased, the effect was not risen obviously. 10 J/cm² of laser could lead OD492 to decrease to platform under the condition of same HPD concentration. So the killing effect was saturated when the PDT parameters were selected as 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser. Under the same laser capacity density of 10 J/cm², A549 cells were exposured to three different duty-time fabrications which were 214 mw×10 min, 428 mw×5 min and 714 mw×3 min.The outcomes showed that OD492 had no statistical difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PDT has a significant killing effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. 10 mg/L of HPD and 10 J/cm² of laser were the best parameters of this experiment. The PDT effect is not influenced by different duty-time fabrications under the best laser capacity density.</p>
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This article reviewed the gene markers and the sequences for the detection of the species and strains of Mycobacteria tuberculosis. The gene markers and the sequences conclude insertion sequences, tandem repeat sequences, the polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequences contained in the plasmid pTBN12, 36 bp direct repetitive sequences, spacer oligonucleotides.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the toxic effect of toremifene (TOR) and its synergistic effect with cisplatin (DDP) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytotoxic effects of these agents on human lung cancer cell line A549 were monitored by a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay). The cell cycle and DNA content were detected by flow cytometer technic. p21 expression level was monitored by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Toremifene inhibited the growth of A549 cell, with > or = 5 micromol/L significantly enhancing the chemosensitivity of cisplatin. TOR enhanced the antitumor activity of DDP at S, G(2) and M phases of cells. And p21 expression was increased after TOR and DDP had been given.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Toremifene (> or = 5 micromol/L) combined with cisplatin shows significant synergistic anti-tumor effect on A549 cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Pharmacology , Cell Division , Cisplatin , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Drug Synergism , Lung Neoplasms , Pathology , Toremifene , Pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
60 years, 13.3% of the total sarcoidosis patients) diagnosed as sarcoidosis based on national criteria from the year 1965 through 1999 were reviewed. Results The clinical degree was as follows: phase I, 8 cases; phase Ⅱ, 6 cases; phase Ⅲ, 2 cases. The elderly sarcoidosis patients manifested variously, with misdiagnosis rate being 50%. The active degree of pulmonary sarcoidosis was correctly evaluated after the diagnosis was confirmed and the patients was strictly observed during the treatment since it was very important for avoiding the occurrence of complications. Conclusions The early diagnosis in elderly patients with sarcoidosis should be emphasized to prevent them from missing and misdiagnosis. The elderly patients with treating indications in phases Ⅱ and Ⅲ could be given steroids and constant observation and regular examinations are important during the treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the promoting effects of interleukin-13(IL-13)on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells(ASMC)in mice and its mechanism.Methods:Murine ASMC were isolated and subcultured.IL-13,IL-13plus AG1478,IL-13plus neutralizing antibody to TGF-?,IL-13plus neutralizing antibody to EGF,IL-13plus neutralizing antibody to HB-EGF,IL-13plus dexamethasone were added to the media,respectively.MTT and 3 H-TdR incorporation assays were used.Apical media were analyzed for the presence of soluble TGF-?using ELISA.Results:The D 595 value of MTT assay and the cpm value of 3 H-TdR incorporation assay of IL-13group were significantly higher than those of control group(P
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Objective:To study the antitumor effect of combination therapy with adenoviral transfer of mouse endostatin gene and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy on mouse Lewis lung cancer.Methods:Mouse endostatin gene was cloned into repli-cation-defective adenovirus by virus recombination technology to construct Ad-mES,adenovirus vector coding mouse endo-statin gene,and then its biological activities were surveyed in vivo.Animal models of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6mice were established and randomly divided into4groups(n=10):including control,chemotherapy,gene therapy,and chemotherapy+gene therapy group.Mice received cyclophosphamide150mg/kg s.c.3times a day in a21-d cycle for chemotherapy;control group received0.9%normal saline100?l.Ad-mES(6?10 9 pfu/100?l)were administrated by multi-spots intra-tumor injection to every mouse in gene therapy group and combination therapy group.The tumor sizes were mea-sured at different times points.The expression of endostatin after transfer was detected by Western blot and the microvessel density(MVD)of tumor was measured by immunohistochemical examination.Results:Higher titers of recombinant aden-oviruses(Ad-mES)were constructed.Combination therapy with Ad-mES and cyclophosphamide inhibited tumor growth(P
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Objective:To observe the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT)on apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.Methods:Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549was used and the optimal parameters of PDT were se-lected by MTT colorometric assay.The experiment was divided into2groups:control group and PDT group.Twenty-four hours after PDT(HPD concentration10mg/L,laser dosage10J/cm 2 ),cell cycle and apoptosis rate were estimated by flow cytometry;agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL were used to observe the DNA fragments and apoptosis index(AI).Re-sults:The killing effect was saturated when HPD was10mg/L and laser was10J/cm 2 .Under the same laser(10J/cm 2 ),A549cells were exposed to6different duty time fabrications and the outcomes showed that their D 492 had no statistical differ-ence.Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA showed DNA ladder,a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis in the PDT group.Flow cytometry showed that PDT group had G 0 /G 1 stage arrest.The apoptosis rate was(18.443?7.122)%in PDT group vs (0.301?0.361)% in control group(P
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Objective: To study the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in activated macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) in the defence against tumors. Methods: Macrophages were obtained by alveolar lavages of mice and activated through incubation with recombinant murine INF? in vitro. P815 cells were added to the culture. Culture supernates were collected to measure the activity of iNOS and NO. Tumoricidal activity of macrophages was determined in presence and absence of the specific inhibitor of NO synthase: L NMMA. Results: NO production and activity of iNOS induced by activated macrophages were positively related with concentration of INF? in macrophage P815 coculture. The addition of L NMMA to the culture suppressed NO production, the inhibitory rate of activated macrophages against P815 cells was reduced distinctly ( P
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0.05). Tumors metastasized in 10 of 25 primary NSCLC overexpressing cyclin D 1, but only in one of 21 cases that cyclin D 1 negatively expressed ( P
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The main work and administration of this machine is constant pressure extraction.It can determine the pressure of thoracic cavity and the variation of the pressule in high speed.It can extract effectively at preset pressure in one time or continuously,and tap out the air and the liquid from the thoracic cavity.It can cure all kinds of spontaneous and liquid pneumothorax.
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AIM To explain the variation of blood vessel factors on pulmonary hypertension(PH) induced by monocrotaline(MCT). METHODS Rats were given an injection of MCT ih(60 mg?kg -1 ). The concentration of endothe line(ET), nitric oxide(NO), thromboxane B 2(TXB 2) and 6 keto prostaglandin F 1? (6 keto PGF 1? ) were measured by radioimmunoassay and colorimetric analysis after the model had been set up successfully for 4 wk. RESULTS MCT either raised 6 keto PGF 1? and NO or prevented the progression of ET and TXB 2. CONCLUSION The mechanism of PH induced by MCT probably associated with the variation of those blood vessel factors.